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Exam 11: The Blood

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Question 51

True/False

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The pneumotaxic and apneustic centres are located in the cerebellum.

A) True
B) False

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Question 52

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The ____________________ is a double-walled, closed sac that separates each lung from the thoracic wall and other surrounding structures.

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Question 53

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Which of these statements correctly describes haemoglobin?

Contraction of the ____________________ muscles elevates the ribs.

Pulmonary surfactant reduces the work of breathing and increases lung stability by increasing alveolar surface tension.

Match the physiological factors, labelled a. through e., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.arterial P_O2 between 60 to 100 mmHg b.arterial P_O2 less than 60 mmHg c.arterial P_CO2 increased above normal d.brain ECF H⁺ increased above normal e.arterial H⁺ increased above normal -directly depresses the central chemoreceptors

What is the term for the minimum volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration?

The peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the ____________________ and aortic bodies.

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.vital capacity b.respiratory rate c.FEV₁ d.tidal volume e.residual volume f.total lung capacity g.functional residual capacity h.alveolar ventilation i.pulmonary ventilation j.inspiratory reserve volume k.expiratory reserve volume l.inspiratory capacity m.anatomic dead space volume -volume of air that can be expired during the first second of expiration during determination of vital capacity

Intrapleural pressure is negative to maintain lung inflation.

Match the physiological factors, labelled a. through e., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.arterial P_O2 between 60 to 100 mmHg b.arterial P_O2 less than 60 mmHg c.arterial P_CO2 increased above normal d.brain ECF H⁺ increased above normal e.arterial H⁺ increased above normal -represents the dominant control of ventilation

Which of these statements does NOT indicate why a chloride shift occurs in red blood cells?

The ____________________ effect refers to the reduced affinity of Hb for O₂ in the presence of increased CO₂ and H⁺.

A highly compliant lung is easier to stretch than a less compliant one.

The skeletal muscles for breathing are located in the walls of the lungs.

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe hypercapnia?

____________________ refers to air in the pleural cavity.

Pores of Kohn permit air flow between adjacent alveoli, a process known as collateral ventilation.

Match the effects on the rate of gas transfer, labelled a. through c., with the changes listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.This change would increase the rate of gas transfer. b.This change would decrease the rate of gas transfer. c.This change would have no effect on the rate of gas transfer. -the effect of emphysema on O₂ and CO₂ exchange within the lungs

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.vital capacity b.respiratory rate c.FEV₁ d.tidal volume e.residual volume f.total lung capacity g.functional residual capacity h.alveolar ventilation i.pulmonary ventilation j.inspiratory reserve volume k.expiratory reserve volume l.inspiratory capacity m.anatomic dead space volume -breaths/minute