Question 1

Clarissa resists peer pressure to smoke a cigarette. She feels proud of herself for maintaining her personal and family standards of behavior. According to psychoanalytic theory, she is being rewarded by her

Accepted Answer

A)   id.
B)   ego.
C)   ego ideal.
D)   conscience.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Taetem is interviewed while participating in a protest. Taetem states that she has the right to express her opinion, but so does anyone else who disagrees with her. Which moral level does Taetem's statement reflect?

Accepted Answer

A)   postconventional
B)   conventional
C)   unconventional
D)   preconventionalE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Drivers stop when a traffic light turns red. This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)   social convention.
B)   cultural tradition.
C)   moral rule.
D)   justice concept.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

According to Kochanska and her colleagues (2002) , young children

Accepted Answer

A)   do not feel guilt.
B)   are aware of right and wrong.
C)   indicate pleasure following doing something wrong.
D)   do not have the capacity to show empathy toward others.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Piaget and Kohlberg agree that

Accepted Answer

A)   peer relations challenge children to advance their moral reasoning.
B)   biological processes must mature for morality to develop.
C)   children learn morality through consequences of behavior.
D)   morality is a critical period that must be reached by childhood.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

According to a 1999 study, which of the following is TRUE of adolescents' religious involvement?

Accepted Answer

A)   Low religious involvement is correlated with stronger family relationships.
B)   Lack of religious involvement triples the chance of an adolescent engaging in delinquent behaviors.
C)   Religious adolescents have lower grades due to over-involvement with church activities.
D)   Religious adolescents are almost three times as likely to engage in community service.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Based on research looking at Gilligan's care perspective versus Kohlberg's justice perspective (not including Gilligan's own research) , at least one study showed that

Accepted Answer

A)   males are more likely to use care perspectives than females.
B)   females are more likely to use a justice perspective than males.
C)   girls are slightly more likely to use a care perspective than males.
D)   girls are more cognizant of which care perspective they are using in moral reasoning.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

In the contemporary perspective on moral development, what do many psychologists believe about children's moral development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Parents' modeled standards and behaviors are the primary contributors to moral development.
B)   Biological predisposition primarily influences moral development.
C)   Both positive feelings and negative feelings contribute to moral development.
D)   Extrinsic rewards and punishments are the primary influences on moral development.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 9

To a 6-year-old child, being fair would MOST likely mean giving

Accepted Answer

A)   an equal amount to all.
B)   more to her/himself than to others.
C)   more to those who are disadvantaged.
D)   more to those who work the hardest.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Which of the following hypothesizes a possible core of moral personality?

Accepted Answer

A)   moral personality
B)   psychoanalytic theory
C)   social cognitive theory
D)   Kohlberg's theoryE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

For children, the most immediate stimulation of sharing is provided by the

Accepted Answer

A)   desire to obey adult authority figures.
B)   give-and-take of peer requests and arguments.
C)   saliency of the item in dispute.
D)   feelings of shame, guilt, and empathy.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

In a recent study of adolescents, what was negatively correlated to school truancy and depression?

Accepted Answer

A)   spirituality without specific religious belief
B)   religious experimentation
C)   personal conservatism
D)   strong interest in religionE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Nine-year-old Kara accidentally let the cat out. Her mother calmly explains, "It's too cold for the cat to stay outside tonight, and it takes a long time to look for him and get him back in. Please try to be more careful when you open the door next time." Kara will likely react by

Accepted Answer

A)   becoming angry and physically aggressive.
B)   becoming anxious and worried that she will upset her mother again.
C)   understanding that letting the cat out is not good for the cat or her mother.
D)   running to her room, screaming and crying.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Briefly describe the two broad types of moral reasoning development identified by Piaget.

Accepted Answer

1. Heteronomous morality: occurs at appr...

Question 15

When children think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world that are out of the control of people, they are displaying

Accepted Answer

A)   relativistic justice.
B)   autonomous morality.
C)   heteronomous morality.
D)   homonomous morality.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 16

Mia yields to peer pressure to smoke a cigarette. She feels guilty and worthless for not living up to her personal and family standards of behavior. According to psychoanalytic theory, she is being punished by her

Accepted Answer

A)   id.
B)   ego.
C)   ego ideal.
D)   conscience.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Gilligan's care perspective on moral behavior emphasizes

Accepted Answer

A)   connectedness, interpersonal communication, care for others, and relationships.
B)   the rights of the individual.
C)   that individuals stand alone and independently make moral decisions.
D)   social customs and conventions.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

According to Pamela King and her colleagues, a feeling for experiencing something beyond oneself in a transcendent manner and living in a way that benefits others and society is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   conscience.
B)   morality.
C)   spirituality.
D)   a care perspective.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Contrast moral competence and moral performance.

Accepted Answer

Moral competence: ability to p...

Question 20

Moral "lessons" slightly beyond children's cognitive levels will motivate them to restructure their moral thought and promote advanced moral reasoning. This statement is closely tied to the concept(s)  of

Accepted Answer

A)   social observational learning.
B)   dishabituation and habituation.
C)   disequilibrium and equilibrium.
D)   rewards and punishments in behaviorism.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Exam 13: Moral Development, Values, and Religion

To a 6-year-old child, being fair would MOST likely mean giving

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For children, the most immediate stimulation of sharing is provided by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gilligan's care perspective on moral behavior emphasizes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly describe the two broad types of moral reasoning development identified by Piaget.

Correct Answerverified1. Heteronomous morality: occurs at appr...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following hypothesizes a possible core of moral personality?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Kochanska and her colleagues (2002) , young children

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a recent study of adolescents, what was negatively correlated to school truancy and depression?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When children think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world that are out of the control of people, they are displaying

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Moral "lessons" slightly beyond children's cognitive levels will motivate them to restructure their moral thought and promote advanced moral reasoning. This statement is closely tied to the concept(s) of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the contemporary perspective on moral development, what do many psychologists believe about children's moral development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Piaget and Kohlberg agree that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Clarissa resists peer pressure to smoke a cigarette. She feels proud of herself for maintaining her personal and family standards of behavior. According to psychoanalytic theory, she is being rewarded by her

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on research looking at Gilligan's care perspective versus Kohlberg's justice perspective (not including Gilligan's own research) , at least one study showed that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Contrast moral competence and moral performance.

Correct AnswerverifiedMoral competence: ability to p...View AnswerShow Answer

Taetem is interviewed while participating in a protest. Taetem states that she has the right to express her opinion, but so does anyone else who disagrees with her. Which moral level does Taetem's statement reflect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Pamela King and her colleagues, a feeling for experiencing something beyond oneself in a transcendent manner and living in a way that benefits others and society is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to a 1999 study, which of the following is TRUE of adolescents' religious involvement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mia yields to peer pressure to smoke a cigarette. She feels guilty and worthless for not living up to her personal and family standards of behavior. According to psychoanalytic theory, she is being punished by her

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nine-year-old Kara accidentally let the cat out. Her mother calmly explains, "It's too cold for the cat to stay outside tonight, and it takes a long time to look for him and get him back in. Please try to be more careful when you open the door next time." Kara will likely react by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drivers stop when a traffic light turns red. This is an example of a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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1. Heteronomous morality: occurs at appr...
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Moral competence: ability to p...
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