Question 1

Which of the following accurately describes political equality?

Accepted Answer

A)   A conception of equality that values equal economic status as well as equal access to housing, health care, education, and government services.
B)   A conception of equality that seeks to provide all citizens with opportunities to participate in the economic system and public life.
C)   It means all citizens have opportunities to vote, run for office, own property, and enjoy civil liberties protections.
D)   It exists when public policies and legal protections provide equal opportunity, fair and open political participation, and equal treatment under the law.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Which of the following describes equality of condition?

Accepted Answer

A)   A conception of equality that values equal economic status as well as equal access to housing, health care, education, and government services.
B)   A conception of equality that seeks to provide all citizens with opportunities to participate in the economic system and public life.
C)   Equality of opportunity is more important than equality of results.
D)   It exists when public policies and legal protections provide equal opportunity, fair and open political participation, and equal treatment under the law.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Women were guaranteed the right to vote by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Minor v. Virginia
B)   the Nineteenth Amendment
C)   the 1965 Voting Rights Act
D)   the Fifteenth AmendmentE) B) and D)
F) A) and D) B

Question 4

What pathway did César Chávez rely on most heavily in his quest for Latino civil rights?

Accepted Answer

A)   litigation
B)   grassroots mobilization
C)   elections
D)   party formationE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following would constitute an affirmative action policy designed to help the members of a particular group overcome discrimination?

Accepted Answer

A)   a hiring policy that favors those with relatives working in government
B)   a college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group
C)   a color-blind job application process to give members of this group an equal chance
D)   a policy that gives extra weight to votes cast by members of the groupE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of the type of discrimination based on discretionary decisions that is difficult to prove?

Accepted Answer

A)   The majority of upper-level managers at a corporation are White males.
B)   A college uses quotas in an affirmative action program to increase diversity.
C)   An employee handbook states that women cannot hold jobs in the company that involve lifting more than 50 pounds.
D)   A police department's policy states that pregnant officers must be confined to a desk, rather than serving in the field.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Which of the following helped to mobilize Americans in the 1950s to fight discrimination against African Americans?

Accepted Answer

A)   the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
B)   Emmett Till's murder
C)   César Chávez's hunger strike
D)   passage of the DREAM ActE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

What was the constitutional basis for the Supreme Court's decision in Romer v. Evans (1996) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   The equal protection clause prohibits states from preventing gays and lesbians from seeking special protections available to other groups.
B)   The Americans with Disabilities Act prevents discrimination in employment and public accommodation.
C)   The due process clause indicates that rights are violated by separate-but-equal statutes.
D)   The First Amendment demands universal suffrage.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Which of the following situations would be an example of equality of condition?

Accepted Answer

A)   laws mandating election jurisdictions with a large bilingual community must provide bilingual ballots
B)   colleges that spend an equal amount on men's and women's sports programs
C)   government-financed opportunities for students to attend universities
D)   employers who use affirmative action in determining promotionsE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

What was the status of affirmative action in college admissions after the Supreme Court decisions in Bakke v. University of California Board of Regents (1978)  and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   Affirmative action policies that consider race a plus factor (among other things)  are permissible, as the advancement of diversity is a compelling government interest.
B)   Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance.
C)   Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.
D)   All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following statements is an accurate description of the universal suffrage movement?

Accepted Answer

A)   It began shortly after the Civil War when President Andrew Johnson permitted Whites to determine how the South would reconstruct itself, and in response southern governments created laws to maintain White power, including laws to keep Blacks from voting.
B)   It began in the 1950s with grassroots mobilization involving powerful speeches, nonviolent methods of protest, and boycotts to draw attention to the lack of civil rights among people due to the lack of universal suffrage.
C)   Beginning in the early twentieth century, groups like the NAACP began advocating universal suffrage through litigation in the courts.
D)   Beginning in the nineteenth century, activists lobbied legislators, gave public speeches, organized protest marches and demonstrations, endured arrest and jail, and went on hunger strikes to draw attention to the need for it.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following had the greatest impact on public sentiment about racial discrimination, facilitating the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Accepted Answer

A)   the Voting Rights Act
B)   the Equal Rights Amendment
C)   the "I Have a Dream" Speech
D)   the formation of the NAACPE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

How might the Supreme Court decisions in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) , involving segregated railroad facilities, and in Bradwell v. Illinois (1873) , involving the admission of women to the law profession, be seen as similar in retrospect?

Accepted Answer

A)   Both decisions might be viewed as fairly unimportant in the history of civil rights.
B)   Both decisions might be viewed as positive turning points in the history of American jurisprudence.
C)   Both decisions might be viewed as hindering the civil rights of racial or ethnic majorities.
D)   Both decisions might be viewed as missed opportunities for the Supreme Court to protect civil rights.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Which of the following accurately describes why, when the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)  was formed, the organization chose to use the court pathway instead of other pathways to advance its goals?

Accepted Answer

A)   Lack of responsiveness from elected officials and clear evidence of racial discrimination led the organization to use the pathway of action that was open to it.
B)   Hostility toward African Americans had subsided, so the organization saw the opportunity to move forward in the courts with greater acceptance on the part of both judges and the public.
C)   Most law schools had opened admissions to African Americans, so with the growing number of Black lawyers, the court pathway seemed to be a natural course.
D)   The separate-but-equal doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson had been overturned, which allowed for the entry of African Americans into the political and legal arenas.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above A

Question 15

Which of the following policies would most likely be adopted in a country favoring equality of condition over equality of opportunity?

Accepted Answer

A)   a free enterprise economic system
B)   magnet schools
C)   minimal business regulations
D)   universal health careE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Activists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony pressed for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   the prohibition of alcohol
B)   women's rights
C)   rights for former slaves
D)   ending the Civil WarE) All of the above
F) C) and D) B

Question 17

What was the basis for the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) , which upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities?

Accepted Answer

A)   Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they did not immigrate to the United States willingly.
B)   The Constitution requires that states treat people equally, not that states must place different people together.
C)   Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce, which is regulated by Congress; no provision in federal law prohibits segregation.
D)   Each state has the right to interpret the Constitution as it sees fit, as long as the interpretation is "reasonable and without malice."E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Rosa Parks's refusal to give up her seat on a public bus was an act of __________ that led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Accepted Answer

A)   supporting Jim Crow laws
B)   civil rights violation
C)   individual boycott
D)   nonviolent protestE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Which of the following laws would be the most likely to draw strict scrutiny from the Supreme Court when determining its constitutionality?

Accepted Answer

A)   Male and female student athletes cannot compete on the same basketball team at the university level.
B)   Businesses cannot discriminate against gays and lesbians in hiring and promotion decisions.
C)   Those without a college degree are not eligible for upper-level civil service jobs.
D)   Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is a racial minority whenever at least 10 percent of the bidders are minority-owned businesses.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

To what extent were the civil rights of African Americans protected after the Civil War?

Accepted Answer

A)   Attempts to protect the civil rights of African Americans after the Civil War were largely unsuccessful for decades.
B)   No attempts were made to protect the civil rights of African Americans until Reconstruction ended.
C)   The civil rights of southern African Americans were considerably greater than those of their northern counterparts.
D)   It was two decades after the Civil War before African Americans had civil rights that were comparable to those of Whites.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Exam 5: Civil Rights

Which of the following accurately describes political equality?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following describes equality of condition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Women were guaranteed the right to vote by __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

What pathway did César Chávez rely on most heavily in his quest for Latino civil rights?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would constitute an affirmative action policy designed to help the members of a particular group overcome discrimination?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of the type of discrimination based on discretionary decisions that is difficult to prove?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following helped to mobilize Americans in the 1950s to fight discrimination against African Americans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the constitutional basis for the Supreme Court's decision in Romer v. Evans (1996) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following situations would be an example of equality of condition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the status of affirmative action in college admissions after the Supreme Court decisions in Bakke v. University of California Board of Regents (1978) and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is an accurate description of the universal suffrage movement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following had the greatest impact on public sentiment about racial discrimination, facilitating the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How might the Supreme Court decisions in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) , involving segregated railroad facilities, and in Bradwell v. Illinois (1873) , involving the admission of women to the law profession, be seen as similar in retrospect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following accurately describes why, when the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was formed, the organization chose to use the court pathway instead of other pathways to advance its goals?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following policies would most likely be adopted in a country favoring equality of condition over equality of opportunity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Activists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony pressed for which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

What was the basis for the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) , which upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rosa Parks's refusal to give up her seat on a public bus was an act of __________ that led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following laws would be the most likely to draw strict scrutiny from the Supreme Court when determining its constitutionality?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To what extent were the civil rights of African Americans protected after the Civil War?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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