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An advantage of joint ventures is the shared costs,risks,and profits.

A) True
B) False

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Location-specific advantages never change and only tend to grow.

A) True
B) False

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A(n) _____ is a non-equity mode of entry used to build a longer-term presence by building and then operating a facility for a period of time before transferring operations to a domestic agency or firm.


A)  BOT agreement 
B)  R&D contract 
C)  JV 
D)  WOS

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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An advantage of joint ventures is _____.


A)  the protection of know-how 
B)  the access to partners' assets 
C)  the ease of global coordination 
D)  the complete equity and operational control

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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A disadvantage of licensing is high development costs.

A) True
B) False

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According to the stage model,firms will enter culturally distant countries for their first internationalization.

A) True
B) False

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Non-equity modes do not require the establishment of independent organizations overseas.

A) True
B) False

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Industrial parks refer to the clustering of economic activities in certain locations.

A) True
B) False

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Natural resource-seeking firms have compelling reasons to enter culturally and institutionally distant countries.This is a counter example of _____.


A)  the stage model 
B)  large-scale entry 
C)  the equity mode of entry 
D)  the country-of-origin effect

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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_____ refers to the amount of resources committed to entering a foreign market.


A)  Scale of entry 
B)  Mode of entry 
C)  Institutional distance 
D)  Benchmarking

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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The scale of entry refers to the amount of resources committed to entering a foreign market.

A) True
B) False

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The resource-based view argues that foreign firms need to deploy overwhelming resources and capabilities to offset their liability of foreignness.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is a benefit of large-scale entries? 


A)  There are no losses even if these large-scale "bets" turn out to be wrong. 
B)  They have unlimited strategic flexibility in all markets. 
C)  They experience no liability of foreignness. 
D)  They demonstrate strategic commitment to certain markets.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Market-seeking firms go to countries that have a strong demand for their products and services.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is an advantage of R&D contracts? 


A)  Easy to negotiate and enforce contracts 
B)  Negligible threat from competitors 
C)  Continuous improvement of core innovation capabilities 
D)  Ability to tap into the best, cost-effective locations

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The resource-based view suggests that firms need to take actions deemed legitimate and appropriate by the various formal and informal institutions governing market entries.

A) True
B) False

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Co-marketing has the ability to reach more customers but with limited control and coordination.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is an equity mode of entry? 


A)  Indirect exports 
B)  Wholly owned subsidiaries 
C)  R&D contracts 
D)  Licensing/franchising

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Greenfield operations are similar to acquisitions in that they are both examples of _____.


A)  partially owned subsidiaries 
B)  wholly owned subsidiaries 
C)  non-equity mode of entry into foreign markets 
D)  equity mode of entry into foreign markets limited to a contractual agreement

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Define a wholly owned subsidiary (WOS).What are the two primary means to set up a WOS?

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A wholly owned subsidiary (WOS) is a sub...

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