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Most spells of unemployment are short, and most unemployment observed at any given time is long term. How can this be?

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Most unemployed people in the economy ar...

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Suppose there are a large number of men who used to work or seek work who now no longer do either. Other things the same, this makes


A) the number of people unemployed rise but does not change the labor force.
B) the number of people unemployed rise but makes the labor force fall.
C) both the number of people unemployed and the labor force fall.
D) the number of people unemployed fall but does not change the labor force.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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C

Most people rely primarily on income other than their labor earnings to maintain their standard of living.

A) True
B) False

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Sam has no job but keeps applying to get a job with a business that is unionized. He is qualified and he finds the pay attractive, but the firm is not hiring. Sam is


A) structurally unemployed. Structural unemployment exists even in the long run.
B) structurally unemployed. Structural unemployment does not exist in the long run.
C) frictionally unemployed. Frictional unemployment exists even in the long run.
D) frictionally unemployed. Frictional unemployment does not exist in the long run.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Most spells of unemployment are short. About half of unemployment spells end with an exit from the labor force.

A) True
B) False

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Other things the same, an increase in wages above their equilibrium level


A) increases frictional unemployment but leaves the natural rate of unemployment unchanged.
B) increases frictional unemployment and increases the natural rate of unemployment.
C) increases structural unemployment but leaves the natural rate of unemployment unchanged.
D) increases structural unemployment and increases the natural rate of unemployment.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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The unemployment rate never falls to zero.

A) True
B) False

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Frictional unemployment results from


A) job searching. It is often thought to explain relatively short spells of unemployment.
B) job searching. It is often thought to explain relatively long spells of unemployment
C) a surplus in the some labor markets. It is often thought to explain relatively short spells of unemployment.
D) a surplus in some labor markets. It is often thought to explain relatively long spells of unemployment.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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The labor force equals the sum of the employed and the unemployed.

A) True
B) False

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Table 15-2 2009 Labor Data for Baltivia  Number of adults 20,000 Number of adults who are paid employees 8,000 Number of adults who work in their own businesses 1,600 Number of adults who are unpaid workers in a family member’s business 1,000 Number of adults who were temporarily absent from their jobs because of an earthquake 400 Number of adults who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off 200 Number of adults who do not have a job, are available for work, and have tried to find a job  within the past four weeks 1,400 Number of adults who do not have a job, are available for work, but have not tried to find a job  within the past four weeks 780 Number of adults who are full-time students 3,000 Number of adults who are homemakers or retirees 3,620\begin{array}{|l|l}\hline \text { Number of adults } & 20,000 \\\hline \text { Number of adults who are paid employees } & 8,000 \\\hline \text { Number of adults who work in their own businesses } & 1,600 \\\hline \text { Number of adults who are unpaid workers in a family member's business } & 1,000 \\\hline \text { Number of adults who were temporarily absent from their jobs because of an earthquake } & 400 \\\hline \text { Number of adults who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off } & 200 \\\hline \begin{array}{l}\text { Number of adults who do not have a job, are available for work, and have tried to find a job } \\\text { within the past four weeks }\end{array} & 1,400 \\\hline \begin{array}{l}\text { Number of adults who do not have a job, are available for work, but have not tried to find a job } \\\text { within the past four weeks }\end{array} & 780 \\\hline \text { Number of adults who are full-time students } & 3,000 \\\hline \text { Number of adults who are homemakers or retirees } & 3,620\end{array} -Refer to Table 15-2. How many people were unemployed in Baltivia in 2009?


A) 1,400
B) 1,600
C) 2,000
D) 2,780

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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The BLS classifies people who would like to work but have given up looking for a job as


A) unemployed. If they were classified as out of the labor force, the reported unemployment rate would be larger.
B) unemployed. If they were classified as out of the labor force, the reported unemployment rate would be smaller.
C) out of the labor force. If they were classified as unemployed, the reported unemployment rate would be larger.
D) out of the labor force. If they were classified as unemployed, the reported unemployment rate would be smaller.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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In June 2009 the BLS reported a U.S. foreign-born population of 35.3 million. Of these, 22.7 million were employed and 1.4 million were unemployed. Based on these numbers what were the unemployment rate and the labor-force participation rate of the foreign-born U.S. population?


A) 1.4/35.3 and 22.7/35.3
B) 1.4/35.3 and 24.1/35.3
C) 1.4/24.1 and 22.7/24.1
D) None of the above are correct.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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The labor-force participation rate equals the percentage of the total adult population that is in the labor force.

A) True
B) False

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For the Bureau of Labor Statistics to place someone in the "unemployed" category, that person must


A) be available for work.
B) have tried to find employment during the previous week.
C) have previously been employed.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is correct?


A) Labor force = number of employed.
B) Labor force = population - number of unemployed.
C) Unemployment Rate = number of unemployed(number of employed + number of unemployed) 100.
D) Unemployment Rate = number of unemployedadult population100.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Table 15-1 Labor Data for Aridia  Year 201020112012 Adult population 200030003200 Number of emplayed 140013001600 Number of unemplayed 200600200\begin{array} { | l | c | c | c | } \hline \text { Year } & \mathbf { 2 0 1 0 } & \mathbf { 2 0 1 1 } & \mathbf { 2 0 1 2 } \\\hline \text { Adult population } & 2000 & 3000 & 3200 \\\hline \text { Number of emplayed } & 1400 & 1300 & 1600 \\\hline \text { Number of unemplayed } & 200 & 600 & 200 \\\hline\end{array} -Refer to Table 15-1. The unemployment rate of Aridia


A) increased from 2010 to 2011 and increased from 2011 to 2012.
B) increased from 2010 to 2011 and decreased from 2011 to 2012.
C) decreased from 2010 to 2011 and increased from 2011 to 2012.
D) decreased from 2010 to 2011 and decreased from 2011 to 2012.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Changes in the composition of demand among industries or regions are called sectoral shifts.

A) True
B) False

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True

Figure 15-1 Figure 15-1   -Refer to Figure 15-1. If the government imposes a minimum wage of $4, then unemployment will increase by A) 0 workers. B) 2000 workers. C) 4000 workers. D) 5000 workers. -Refer to Figure 15-1. If the government imposes a minimum wage of $4, then unemployment will increase by


A) 0 workers.
B) 2000 workers.
C) 4000 workers.
D) 5000 workers.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The Bureau of Labor Statistics is part of the U.S. Department of


A) the Treasury.
B) Commerce.
C) Labor.
D) the Interior.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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According to the theory of efficiency wages, it may be profitable for firms to keep wages high even in the presence of a surplus of labor.

A) True
B) False

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True

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