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Exam 5: Learning

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Question 51

Multiple Choice

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Which alternative below CORRECTLY pairs a learning style described in your text with one of its characteristics?

A) Relational style - shows intuitive thinking
B) Relational style - able to focus on details
C) Analytical style - displays improvisational,intuitive thinking
D) Analytical style - displays good memory for relevant,verbal material

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Question 52

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Stimulus _____ provides the ability to differentiate between stimuli.

A) control
B) discrimination
C) generalization
D) diffusion

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Question 53

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When a behavior is reinforced in the presence of a specific stimulus,but not in its absence it is known as training.

Which of the following statements INCORRECTLY describes the effects on observational learning of the reinforcement or punishment of the model?

The process by which a stimulus increases the likelihood that a preceding behavior will be repeated is called:

Classical conditioning applies mostly to _____.Operant conditioning applies mainly to _____.

Draw on your knowledge of positive and negative reinforcement,punishment,schedules of reinforcement,stimulus control training,discriminative stimuli,shaping,and biological constraints on learning to describe how you might use operant conditioning to train domestic animals-e.g.,dogs,cats,horses,etc.-to perform desired behaviors.

Dr.Margate specializes in using behavior modification techniques to help adults engage in health-promoting behaviors,such as exercising,quitting smoking,and so forth.Dr.Margate is a behavior .

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of punishment?

A(n) _____ reinforcer refers to the removal of an unpleasant stimulus,putting on a sweater when your cold for example,which leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated in the future.

"Responses that lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated." This is the law of:

One reason Carlos continues to work at his job is the check he receives every two weeks.Carlos' paycheck is a _____ reinforcer.

Imagine that you are a parent,a teacher,or a supervisor in a workplace.Give specific examples of how you might use (a)positive reinforcement, (b)negative reinforcement, (c)positive punishment,and (d)negative punishment to bring about desirable changes in the behavior of a child,student,or subordinate worker.

Typically long pauses in responding are found in _____ schedules.

Olympia consumed some poorly stored sushi on a hot day;she became violently ill.Now Olympia can't stand the sight of sushi.She has developed a(n).

Imagine that you graphed the cumulative number of bar-press responses over time of four rats,each reinforced on a different one of the four schedules of intermittent reinforcement.Each rat's behavior is graphed on a separate line.The line with the greatest slope should be that displaying the behavior of the rat reinforced on the _____ schedule.

Explain classical conditioning with a suitable example.

Janine completed several tours of duty in Afghanistan.She suffers from PTSD.Now,back home in Texas,she is frightened by firecrackers and cars backfiring.The fact that these sounds scare her reflects a process of stimulus:

Identify a behavior of your own that you would like to perform more frequently (e.g.,studying,completing household chores or yard work)or less frequently (e.g.,snacking,smoking cigarettes).Outline a step-by-step behavior modification program that might help you achieve your goal.

Which of the following types of consequences is CORRECTLY matched with an example?