Question 1

A molecule with the formula AX4E uses _________ to form its bonds.

Accepted Answer

A)   sp2 hybrid orbitals
B)   sp3 hybrid orbitals
C)   sp3d hybrid orbitals
D)   sp3d2 hybrid orbitals
E)   none of the aboveF) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 2

In applying molecular orbital theory, the bond order is calculated in the same way as with Lewis structures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The angles between sp2 hybrid orbitals are 109.5°.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Sketch the shapes of the F1F1F1S1F1F1F101s and F1F1F1S1F1F1F101s* molecular orbitals formed by the overlap of two hydrogen 1s atomic orbitals.

Accepted Answer

11ec6d41_b4d1_c266_9cd1_172eeb...

Question 5

Valence bond theory is able to explain why molecular oxygen is paramagnetic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

According to valence bond theory, overlap of bonding orbitals of atoms will weaken a bond, due to electron-electron repulsion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

a. What simple experiment could you perform to show that a substance is paramagnetic?
b. What microscopic (atomic/molecular) feature must a substance possess in order to be paramagnetic?
c. Can it be predicted whether or not all homonuclear diatomic ions, X2+, will be paramagnetic? Explain.

Accepted Answer

a. Place a sample of the substance near a magnet; if it is attracted to the magnet, it is paramagnetic.
b. The substance must have unpaired electrons in order to be paramagnetic.
c. Yes, they will necessarily be paramagnetic since each will have an odd number of electrons.

Question 8

Explain what is meant by a node (or nodal plane) in a molecular orbital and draw sketches of the following orbitals, indicating at least one nodal plane in each one.
a. a F1F1F1S1F1F1F10* orbital
b. a F1F1F1S1F1F1F10* orbital

Accepted Answer

A nodal plane is a plane of zero electro...

Question 9

According to valence bond theory, which orbitals on N and H overlap in the NH3 molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)   2p on N overlaps with 2s on H
B)   2p on N overlaps with 1s on H
C)   2s on N overlaps with 1s on H
D)   sp3 on N overlaps with sp on H
E)   sp3 on N overlaps with 1s on HF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

According to molecular orbital theory, what is the bond order in the O2+ ion?

Accepted Answer

A)   5.5
B)   5
C)   4
D)   2.5
E)   1.5F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 11

Which of the following statements relating to molecular orbital (MO)  theory is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)   Combination of two atomic orbitals produces one bonding and one antibonding MO.
B)   A bonding MO is lower in energy than the two atomic orbitals from which it is formed.
C)   Combination of two 2p orbitals may result in either  or  MOs.
D)   A species with a bond order of zero will not be stable.
E)   In a stable molecule having an even number of electrons, all electrons must be paired.F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Hybrid orbitals of the sp3d type occur in sets of four.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Atoms of period 3 and beyond can undergo sp3d 2 hybridization, but atoms of period 2 cannot.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What type of hybridization is needed to explain why ethyne, C2H2, is linear?

Accepted Answer

Question 15

Valence bond theory predicts that xenon will use _____ hybrid orbitals in XeOF4.

Accepted Answer

A)   sp
B)   sp2
C)   sp3
D)   sp3d
E)   sp3d2F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 16

In the valence bond treatment, overlap of an s orbital on one atom with an sp3 orbital on another atom can give rise to a F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 bond.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 17

When PCl5 solidifies it forms PCl4+ cations and PCl6- anions. According to valence bond theory, what hybrid orbitals are used by phosphorus in the PCl4+ cations?

Accepted Answer

A)   sp
B)   sp2
C)   sp3
D)   sp3d
E)   sp3d2F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 18

In the valence bond treatment, a F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 bond is formed when two 2p orbitals overlap side to side.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Explain what is meant by the term "bond order" and describe how it can be calculated using the information in a molecular orbital energy level diagram.

Accepted Answer

The bond order in MO theory is the net n...

Question 20

Describe the bonding in ethylene (ethene, C2H4) according to valence bond theory. Be sure to indicate the orbital hybridization on the carbon atoms. Draw a diagram clearly showing at least one bond of each type which occurs in the molecule.

Accepted Answer

The carbon atoms are sp² hybridized, leaving the 2p_z orbital on each carbon unhybridized. Overlap of one sp² hybrid on each carbon and occupation of this region by an electron pair produces a C-C F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 bond. Overlap of the remaining four hybrid orbitals with 1s orbitals of four hydrogen atoms, produces four C-H F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 bonds. The unhybridized 2p_z orbitals overlap laterally to produce a F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 bond which has two regions of electron density, above and below the C-C F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 bond. (Diagram needed.)

Exam 11: Theories of Covalent Bonding

A molecule with the formula AX₄E uses _________ to form its bonds.

Correct Answer
verified

In applying molecular orbital theory, the bond order is calculated in the same way as with Lewis structures.

Correct Answer
verified

The angles between sp² hybrid orbitals are 109.5°.

Correct Answer
verified

Sketch the shapes of the ₁_s and ₁_s* molecular orbitals formed by the overlap of two hydrogen 1s atomic orbitals.

Correct Answer
verified
11ec6d41_b4d1_c266_9cd1_172eeb...
View Answer

Valence bond theory is able to explain why molecular oxygen is paramagnetic.

Correct Answer
verified

According to valence bond theory, overlap of bonding orbitals of atoms will weaken a bond, due to electron-electron repulsion.

Correct Answer
verified

a. What simple experiment could you perform to show that a substance is paramagnetic? b. What microscopic (atomic/molecular) feature must a substance possess in order to be paramagnetic? c. Can it be predicted whether or not all homonuclear diatomic ions, X₂⁺, will be paramagnetic? Explain.

Correct Answer
verified
a. Place a sample of the substance near a magnet; if it is attracted to the magnet, it is paramagnetic. b. The substance must have unpaired electrons in order to be paramagnetic. c. Yes, they will necessarily be paramagnetic since each will have an odd number of electrons.

Explain what is meant by a node (or nodal plane) in a molecular orbital and draw sketches of the following orbitals, indicating at least one nodal plane in each one. a. a * orbital b. a * orbital

Correct Answer
verified
A nodal plane is a plane of zero electro...
View Answer

According to valence bond theory, which orbitals on N and H overlap in the NH₃molecule?

Correct Answer
verified

According to molecular orbital theory, what is the bond order in the O₂⁺ ion?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements relating to molecular orbital (MO) theory is incorrect?

Correct Answer
verified

Hybrid orbitals of the sp³d type occur in sets of four.

Correct Answer
verified

Atoms of period 3 and beyond can undergo sp³d ² hybridization, but atoms of period 2 cannot.

Correct Answer
verified

What type of hybridization is needed to explain why ethyne, C₂H₂, is linear?

Correct Answer
verified

Valence bond theory predicts that xenon will use _____ hybrid orbitals in XeOF₄.

Correct Answer
verified

In the valence bond treatment, overlap of an s orbital on one atom with an sp³ orbital on another atom can give rise to a  bond.

Correct Answer
verified
True

When PCl₅solidifies it forms PCl₄⁺ cations and PCl₆^-anions. According to valence bond theory, what hybrid orbitals are used by phosphorus in the PCl₄⁺ cations?

Correct Answer
verified

In the valence bond treatment, a  bond is formed when two 2p orbitals overlap side to side.

Correct Answer
verified

Explain what is meant by the term "bond order" and describe how it can be calculated using the information in a molecular orbital energy level diagram.

Correct Answer
verified
The bond order in MO theory is the net n...
View Answer

Describe the bonding in ethylene (ethene, C₂H₄) according to valence bond theory. Be sure to indicate the orbital hybridization on the carbon atoms. Draw a diagram clearly showing at least one bond of each type which occurs in the molecule.

Exam 11: Theories of Covalent Bonding

A molecule with the formula AX4E uses _________ to form its bonds.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In applying molecular orbital theory, the bond order is calculated in the same way as with Lewis structures.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The angles between sp2 hybrid orbitals are 109.5°.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sketch the shapes of the 1s and 1s* molecular orbitals formed by the overlap of two hydrogen 1s atomic orbitals.

Correct Answerverified11ec6d41_b4d1_c266_9cd1_172eeb...View AnswerShow Answer

Valence bond theory is able to explain why molecular oxygen is paramagnetic.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to valence bond theory, overlap of bonding orbitals of atoms will weaken a bond, due to electron-electron repulsion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

a. What simple experiment could you perform to show that a substance is paramagnetic? b. What microscopic (atomic/molecular) feature must a substance possess in order to be paramagnetic? c. Can it be predicted whether or not all homonuclear diatomic ions, X2+, will be paramagnetic? Explain.

Correct Answerverifieda. Place a sample of the substance near a magnet; if it is attracted to the magnet, it is paramagnetic. b. The substance must have unpaired electrons in order to be paramagnetic. c. Yes, they will necessarily be paramagnetic since each will have an odd number of electrons.

Explain what is meant by a node (or nodal plane) in a molecular orbital and draw sketches of the following orbitals, indicating at least one nodal plane in each one. a. a * orbital b. a * orbital

Correct AnswerverifiedA nodal plane is a plane of zero electro...View AnswerShow Answer

According to valence bond theory, which orbitals on N and H overlap in the NH3 molecule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to molecular orbital theory, what is the bond order in the O2+ ion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements relating to molecular orbital (MO) theory is incorrect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hybrid orbitals of the sp3d type occur in sets of four.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Atoms of period 3 and beyond can undergo sp3d 2 hybridization, but atoms of period 2 cannot.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of hybridization is needed to explain why ethyne, C2H2, is linear?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Valence bond theory predicts that xenon will use _____ hybrid orbitals in XeOF4.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the valence bond treatment, overlap of an s orbital on one atom with an sp3 orbital on another atom can give rise to a  bond.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

When PCl5 solidifies it forms PCl4+ cations and PCl6- anions. According to valence bond theory, what hybrid orbitals are used by phosphorus in the PCl4+ cations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the valence bond treatment, a  bond is formed when two 2p orbitals overlap side to side.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain what is meant by the term "bond order" and describe how it can be calculated using the information in a molecular orbital energy level diagram.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe bond order in MO theory is the net n...View AnswerShow Answer

Describe the bonding in ethylene (ethene, C2H4) according to valence bond theory. Be sure to indicate the orbital hybridization on the carbon atoms. Draw a diagram clearly showing at least one bond of each type which occurs in the molecule.

A molecule with the formula AX₄E uses _________ to form its bonds.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The angles between sp² hybrid orbitals are 109.5°.

Correct Answer
verified

Sketch the shapes of the ₁_s and ₁_s* molecular orbitals formed by the overlap of two hydrogen 1s atomic orbitals.

Correct Answer
verified
11ec6d41_b4d1_c266_9cd1_172eeb...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

a. What simple experiment could you perform to show that a substance is paramagnetic? b. What microscopic (atomic/molecular) feature must a substance possess in order to be paramagnetic? c. Can it be predicted whether or not all homonuclear diatomic ions, X₂⁺, will be paramagnetic? Explain.

Correct Answer
verified
a. Place a sample of the substance near a magnet; if it is attracted to the magnet, it is paramagnetic. b. The substance must have unpaired electrons in order to be paramagnetic. c. Yes, they will necessarily be paramagnetic since each will have an odd number of electrons.

Correct Answer
verified
A nodal plane is a plane of zero electro...
View Answer

According to valence bond theory, which orbitals on N and H overlap in the NH₃molecule?

Correct Answer
verified

According to molecular orbital theory, what is the bond order in the O₂⁺ ion?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Hybrid orbitals of the sp³d type occur in sets of four.

Correct Answer
verified

Atoms of period 3 and beyond can undergo sp³d ² hybridization, but atoms of period 2 cannot.

Correct Answer
verified

What type of hybridization is needed to explain why ethyne, C₂H₂, is linear?

Correct Answer
verified

Valence bond theory predicts that xenon will use _____ hybrid orbitals in XeOF₄.

Correct Answer
verified

In the valence bond treatment, overlap of an s orbital on one atom with an sp³ orbital on another atom can give rise to a  bond.

Correct Answer
verified
True

When PCl₅solidifies it forms PCl₄⁺ cations and PCl₆^-anions. According to valence bond theory, what hybrid orbitals are used by phosphorus in the PCl₄⁺ cations?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The bond order in MO theory is the net n...
View Answer

Describe the bonding in ethylene (ethene, C₂H₄) according to valence bond theory. Be sure to indicate the orbital hybridization on the carbon atoms. Draw a diagram clearly showing at least one bond of each type which occurs in the molecule.